Epidural analgesia is highly effective and available for postoperative management of acute pain, but indwelling epidural catheters entail risks of infection and bleeding as well as complications such as urinary retention and hypotension.
The early initiation of functional exercise for improved postoperative recovery necessitates adequate management for postoperative pain.Ĭonventional intravenous, oral, and intramuscular analgesic drugs can alleviate soreness with unsatisfactory outcomes.
Almost 60% of patients experienced moderate to severe pain following total knee arthroplasty, and 25% of these patients may even develop relevant complications such as prolonged hospital stays, unplanned hospitalisations, and readmissions. Acute postoperative pain impairs not only early activities and functional exercise but also carries an increased risk of postoperative knee stiffness and deep vein thrombosis. Notwithstanding considerable advances in surgical technique or prosthesis design, acute postoperative pain among TKA patients remains in the forefront of clinicians' minds as one of the most pressing issues to be addressed. The majority of patients eventually opt for TKA for treatment. Approximately 15% of females and 6% of males in the Asian elderly population over 60 years suffer from osteoarthritis of the knee. Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is universally acclaimed as an efficacious treatment for severe degenerative knee changes, delivering substantial improvements in knee function and quality of life for patients.
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